Deficits in reading, writing, and spelling can affect one or more language domains.

Reading: Word Recognition -this is sometimes referred to as dyslexia. It is characterized by difficulty with reading despite instruction and without coexisting intellectual, sensory, or neurological difficulties. A person with word recognition deficits typically has relatively intact language comprehension but may have difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and poor spelling.

Reading comprehension deficit - Individuals have significant problems in listening and reading comprehension. A person with reading comprehension deficits may have difficulties with adequate or advanced word recognition skills; reading fluency; and social, cognitive, or linguistic skills.

Writing Process Deficit - problems with the cognitive–linguistic aspects of writing - it relates to the writing process, involves difficulty planning, drafting,reflecting on writing, revising, editing own writing etc.